100 services · 10 sectors · 113 source records

Password Requirements Across 100 Popular Services

Most services in our sample did not publish an exact password-length requirement we could verify. Passkey support was easier to document than traditional password rules.

Key findings from the 100-service study

Public password rules are often incomplete. Only 20 services published an exact minimum length we could support with an official source. For 72, the minimum was not published in the sources we found; the other eight did not use a password in the login flow we reviewed. Passkeys were documented by 37 services.

20 of 100published an exact minimum length
37 of 100documented passkey sign-in
10 of 100disclosed weak or breached-password screening
  • Eight characters remains the dominant published minimum. Fourteen of the 20 services with an exact minimum used eight characters—70% of that documented group.
  • Maximum lengths are almost never published. Only seven of the 100 services provided an exact maximum we could verify.
  • Passkey disclosure varies sharply by sector. Eight of 10 productivity and cloud services documented passkeys, compared with none of the 10 streaming services.
  • Other protections are rarely described. Sixteen services explicitly supported or recommended password managers, while 10 disclosed screening for common, weak, or breached passwords.

What these findings mean: they measure what services publicly document, not everything they enforce. “Not published” does not mean a service has no rule; it means we could not verify that rule from an official public page within the study boundary.

Eight characters remains the most common published minimum

Twenty services published an exact minimum: 14 used eight characters, three used six, two used ten, and one required more than ten. The other 80 were either undocumented in the sources we found or not applicable to the current login flow.

8 characters14
6 characters3
10 characters2
11 characters1

Examples include GitHub's conditional 8-or-15-character rule, npm's requirement for more than 10 characters, and GitLab.com's 8-to-128-character range.

Maximum lengths are rarely published

We found an exact maximum for seven services. Three capped passwords at 20 characters; the other published limits were 60, 72, 99, and 128. The remaining 93 services did not provide a usable maximum, or the field was not part of the current login flow.

That distinction matters. A missing maximum in this dataset is not evidence that a site accepts passwords of any length.

Passkeys are visible, but coverage varies sharply by sector

Thirty-seven services documented passkey sign-in. The highest count was in productivity and cloud services, where eight of ten had a public passkey page. Streaming media had no confirmed passkey entries in this sample.

Documented passkeys by sector; each sector contains 10 sampled services
SectorPasskeys documentedExact minimum documentedNot testable
financial services6 of 102 of 100 of 10
retail marketplaces3 of 102 of 102 of 10
social communication6 of 100 of 101 of 10
streaming media0 of 104 of 101 of 10
travel mobility3 of 100 of 103 of 10
productivity cloud8 of 103 of 100 of 10
developer services4 of 104 of 100 of 10
gaming5 of 103 of 101 of 10
education knowledge1 of 101 of 102 of 10
health fitness1 of 101 of 103 of 10

Password-manager and breach-screening disclosures are uncommon

Sixteen services explicitly supported or recommended password managers in the official pages we reviewed. Ten disclosed checks against common, weak, or breached passwords. These are disclosure counts, not implementation rankings: a service may support either control without publishing it.

Examples of explicit screening disclosures include GitHub, Canva, and Atlassian accounts used by Bitbucket.

How was the study done?

We froze a purposive sample of 100 recognizable services across 10 sectors before collection. This is not a traffic ranking or a random sample of the web. We reviewed official help pages, account documentation, and password fields visible without creating or changing an account. We did not submit registration forms, test real passwords, bypass bot defenses, or use anyone's account.

Each record went through a collection pass and a separate evidence-review pass. The review removed claims based only on advice, kept conflicting sources visible, and marked unsupported controls as unknown. Collection and review were completed by the same researcher; this release has not been independently replicated.

Thirteen services were marked not testable because no suitable official source was accessible within the collection boundary. Unknown and not-applicable values stay in every denominator.

The control definitions and collection rules are available in the data dictionary and study notes.

Sources for all 100 services

Every number above comes from the reviewed records below. The source links open the official pages used for that service. A dash means no suitable official page was found within the study boundary.

Reviewed observations and official sources, accessed October 22, 2026
ServiceSectorMinimumMaximumPasskeySources
PayPalfinancial services820Yes1, 2
Venmofinancial servicesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Cash Appfinancial servicesN/AN/ANot published1
Wisefinancial servicesNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Revolutfinancial servicesN/AN/AYes1
Klarnafinancial servicesNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Coinbasefinancial services872Yes1, 2
Robinhoodfinancial servicesNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Monzofinancial servicesN/AN/ANot published1
N26financial servicesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Amazonretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1, 2
Walmartretail marketplaces8Not publishedYes1, 2
eBayretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Etsyretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Targetretail marketplaces820Yes1, 2
AliExpressretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Temuretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1, 2
SHEINretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Mercado Libreretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Rakutenretail marketplacesNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Facebooksocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Instagramsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Xsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedYes1
TikToksocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedYes1
LinkedInsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Redditsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Discordsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Snapchatsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Pinterestsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Tumblrsocial communicationNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Netflixstreaming mediaNot published60Not published1, 2
Spotifystreaming mediaNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Disney+streaming media6Not publishedNot published1
Hulustreaming media6Not publishedNot published1
Maxstreaming mediaNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Peacockstreaming media10Not publishedNot published1
Twitchstreaming media8Not publishedNot published1
SoundCloudstreaming mediaNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Deezerstreaming mediaNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Crunchyrollstreaming mediaNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Airbnbtravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Booking.comtravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Expediatravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Tripadvisortravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Ubertravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Lyfttravel mobilityN/AN/ANot published1
DoorDashtravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Deliverootravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Skyscannertravel mobilityN/AN/ANot published1
Agodatravel mobilityNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Googleproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Microsoftproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Appleproductivity cloud8Not publishedNot published1
Dropboxproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Boxproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Zoomproductivity cloud899Yes1, 2
Slackproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedYes1
Notionproductivity cloud8Not publishedYes1, 2
Canvaproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Adobeproductivity cloudNot publishedNot publishedYes1
GitHubdeveloper services8Not publishedYes1, 2
GitLabdeveloper services8128Yes1, 2
Bitbucketdeveloper servicesNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Stack Overflowdeveloper servicesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
npmdeveloper services11Not publishedNot published1
Docker Hubdeveloper servicesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
DigitalOceandeveloper servicesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Cloudflaredeveloper servicesNot publishedNot publishedNot published1, 2
Verceldeveloper servicesN/AN/AYes1
Netlifydeveloper services10Not publishedNot published1
Steamgaming6Not publishedNot published1
Epic Gamesgaming8Not publishedNot published1, 2
XboxgamingNot publishedNot publishedYes1
PlayStationgamingNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
Nintendogaming820Yes1, 2
RobloxgamingNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
EAgamingNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2
UbisoftgamingNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Riot GamesgamingNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Battle.netgamingNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Courseraeducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Udemyeducation knowledgeN/AN/ANot published1
Khan Academyeducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Duolingoeducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Quizleteducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
edXeducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Cheggeducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Wikipediaeducation knowledge8Not publishedYes1, 2
ResearchGateeducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Academia.edueducation knowledgeNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
MyFitnessPalhealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Stravahealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Headspacehealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Calmhealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Fitbithealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedYes1, 2, 3
Flo Healthhealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published1
Doctolibhealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Practohealth fitnessNot publishedNot publishedNot published—
Zocdochealth fitnessN/AN/ANot published1
HealthifyMehealth fitness8Not publishedNot published1

Download and cite the data

The JSON includes every source title, URL, access date, paraphrase, account context, note, and normalized control. The CSV is easier to analyze in a spreadsheet.

Suggested citation: “Generate My Password, Password Requirements Across 100 Popular Services, release website-password-requirements-2026-v1 (2026-10-22).”

Related statistics

Compare random password length and search space, review fixed-rate password guessing estimates, or see random passphrase combinations.